DIAPHRAGM ANATOMY And PHYSIOLOGY
DIAPHRAGM ANATOMY And PHYSIOLOGY MCQS
DIAPHRAGM ANATOMY And PHYSIOLOGY Test/ Quiz
These MCQs on DIAPHRAGM ANATOMY And PHYSIOLOGY MCQS are professionally built and help in preparation of all sorts of medical exam all over the world as NEET, USMLE, PLAB and various BOARDS Exams.
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#1. A patient with COPD develops “flattening” of the diaphragm on chest X-ray. What does this indicate? ? Hyperinflation in COPD pushes the diaphragm downward, causing it to appear flattened on imaging.
Hyperinflation in COPD pushes the diaphragm downward, causing it to appear flattened on imaging.
#2. Which radiographic finding is pathognomonic for phrenic nerve palsy? ? Paradoxical upward movement (instead of normal descent) during inspiration is diagnostic of phrenic nerve paralysis.
Paradoxical upward movement (instead of normal descent) during inspiration is diagnostic of phrenic nerve paralysis.
#3. A 45-year-old male presents with sudden epigastric pain radiating to his left shoulder. Which diaphragmatic structure is most likely irritated? ? The central tendon is innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3–C5), which refers pain to the shoulder tip (C4 dermatome). This suggests subphrenic irritation (e.g., abscess or blood).
The central tendon is innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3–C5), which refers pain to the shoulder tip (C4 dermatome). This suggests subphrenic irritation (e.g., abscess or blood).
#4. A CT scan shows retrocrural lymphadenopathy. Which vertebral level is involved? ? The aortic hiatus (T12) is posterior to the crura ("retrocrural"), a common site for lymphadenopathy.
The aortic hiatus (T12) is posterior to the crura (“retrocrural”), a common site for lymphadenopathy.
#5. What percentage of tidal volume is contributed by diaphragmatic contraction in quiet breathing? ? The diaphragm contributes ~65% of tidal volume during quiet breathing.
The diaphragm contributes ~65% of tidal volume during quiet breathing.
#6. Which structure is NOT transmitted through the diaphragm? ? The inferior epigastric artery is an abdominal wall vessel unrelated to the diaphragm.
The inferior epigastric artery is an abdominal wall vessel unrelated to the diaphragm.
#7. Which ligament forms the roof of the aortic hiatus? A) Medial arcuate B) Lateral arcuate C) Median arcuate D) Iliolumbar E) Psoas minor ? The median arcuate ligament bridges the aortic hiatus (T12) anteriorly.
The median arcuate ligament bridges the aortic hiatus (T12) anteriorly.
#8. A trauma patient has a right-sided diaphragmatic rupture. Which organ is most likely herniated? ? The liver’s bulk protects the right diaphragm, but when rupture occurs, the liver is the most commonly herniated organ.
The liver’s bulk protects the right diaphragm, but when rupture occurs, the liver is the most commonly herniated organ.
#9. Which muscle is NOT an accessory muscle of respiration? ? Rectus abdominis aids forced expiration, not inspiration.
Rectus abdominis aids forced expiration, not inspiration.
#10. Which vertebral level corresponds to the caval opening? ? The IVC passes through the diaphragm at T8.
The IVC passes through the diaphragm at T8.
#11. Which diaphragmatic opening transmits the splanchnic nerves? ? The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves pierce the crura of the diaphragm.
The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves pierce the crura of the diaphragm.
#12. During laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon notices an opening in the diaphragm posteriorly near the 12th rib. Which congenital hernia is suspected? ? A Bochdalek hernia occurs through the pleuroperitoneal canal (posterolateral diaphragm), often presenting in neonates but occasionally in adults.
A Bochdalek hernia occurs through the pleuroperitoneal canal (posterolateral diaphragm), often presenting in neonates but occasionally in adults.